@misc{oai:kawasakigakuen.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000379,
 author = {Masatoshi TAKEDA and Sara YASUTAKE and Hidetsugu WADA and Fumie TAZAKI and Mitsumasa HIDA and Kenji OKA and Tomohiro OHGOMORI},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {A patient’s behavior and cognition are important considerations in psychiatric practice. Elderly people show wide range of differences in cognition and behavior. Along with other physical effects of aging, there are morphological and biochemical changes in the brain that affect age-related cognitive decline. Elderly people have accumulated a variety of differing psychological and social experiences throughout their lifetime, including childhood and educational experiences, experiences in their working lives, and other psychological and social experiences. Individual differences among elderly people can therefore be so great that it is inappropriate to group them together into a dichotomy of normal or abnormal aging, and it is perhaps better to view aging as a spectrum with a series of continuities from health to disease. ‘Successful and unsuccessful aging’ is a concept which considers a wide spectrum of cognitive decline, in which dementia may be placed at the extreme end of the spectrum of ‘unsuccessful aging’. The importance of cognitive reserve has been pointed out as the ability to maintain cognitive function against aging and pathological changes in the brain. Although the concept of cognitive reserve is not yet fully formed, clinicians should always give it broad consideration in the psychiatric treatment of elderly people., REVIEW ARTICLE},
 title = {Cognitive aging and cognitive reserve},
 year = {2022}
}